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HMG

Umfassend untersucht

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin | FSH/LH Fertility Hormone

Sexuelle GesundheitHormonell

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG) is a hormonally active medication containing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in a 1:1 ratio, extracted from the urine of

Molekulare und Forschungsdaten

Halbwertszeit
~32 hours (FSH component: 39-54 hours)
Wege (Forschung)
injectable
Lagerung
Lyophilized: Room temperature. Reconstituted: 2-8°C, use immediately after reconstitution

Overview

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG) is a hormonally active medication containing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in a 1:1 ratio, extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women. FDA-approved for fertility treatment, HMG stimulates ovarian follicle development in women and spermatogenesis in men. While largely replaced by recombinant gonadotropins in some settings, HMG remains an effective and cost-efficient option for ovulation induction and assisted reproduction.

Mechanism of action

HMG acts on gonadal tissue through two mechanisms: FSH stimulates growth and maturation of ovarian follicles containing eggs in women, and promotes spermatogenesis in men. LH stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation in women, and Leydig cells in men to produce testosterone. Highly purified HMG (HP-hMG) has enhanced FSH receptor activity with reduced inactive proteins. The LH component modifies follicular development and decreases intermediate-sized follicles, potentially resulting in safer, more controlled stimulation.

Key research findings

  • FDA-approved for fertility treatment
  • Stimulates ovarian follicle development
  • Contains both FSH and LH naturally
  • Promotes spermatogenesis in men
  • Cost-effective alternative to recombinant FSH
  • LH activity may improve fertilization rates
  • Long clinical track record
  • Lower OHSS incidence with HP-hMG

Research applications

Female Fertility (FDA-Approved)

  • Ovulation Induction — Stimulates follicular development in anovulatory women.
  • IVF Stimulation — Used in IVF protocols to stimulate multiple follicle development.
  • PCOS Ovulation — Effective for inducing ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

Male Fertility

  • Spermatogenesis — FSH promotes sperm production; LH stimulates testosterone for sperm development.
  • Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism — Treats male infertility due to insufficient gonadotropin production.

Testosterone Support

  • LH Replacement — LH component stimulates testicular testosterone production.

HMG Häufig gestellte Fragen

Is HMG derived from human urine really safe?+

Yes. HMG is extracted from postmenopausal women's urine and has been used clinically for decades with excellent safety data. Modern purification processes make it equivalent to recombinant versions in terms of safety and efficacy.

Does HMG cause fewer side effects than recombinant gonadotropins?+

HMG's LH component may actually reduce OHSS risk and improve fertilization rates compared to FSH-only protocols. The 1:1 ratio of FSH and LH more closely mimics natural physiology, potentially resulting in safer, more physiologic stimulation.

How much does HMG cost compared to recombinant FSH?+

HMG is typically 40-60% less expensive than recombinant FSH or LH products. Generic HMG products are cost-effective alternatives without sacrificing efficacy, making it attractive for patients with multiple IVF cycles ahead.

Can men use HMG for infertility?+

Yes. HMG is effective for male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, with the FSH component promoting spermatogenesis and LH stimulating testosterone production. Treatment typically requires months but can restore both sperm production and natural testosterone levels.

References

  1. [1]Human Menopausal GonadotropinScienceDirect
  2. [2]HMG vs Recombinant FSH in PCOS Patients Undergoing IVFPMC/NCBI
  3. [3]Effect of HMG and HP-FSH on IVF OutcomesHuman Reproduction
  4. [4]Generic hMG vs Costly FSH for Ovulation InductionPubMed

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