SS-31
Bien estudiadoMitochondrial-Targeted Peptide | Cardiolipin Protector
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport
Datos moleculares y de investigación
- Vida media
- ~2 hours
- Rutas (investigación)
- injectable, topical
- Almacenamiento
- Reconstituted: 2-8°C in amber/dark vials, use within 30 days. Light sensitive
Overview
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function for enhanced cellular energy production.
Mechanism of action
Selectively binds to cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function. This improves ATP production and reduces oxidative damage at the mitochondrial level.
Key research findings
- Directly protects mitochondria
- Improves cellular energy production (ATP)
- Reduces oxidative damage
- Enhances exercise capacity
- Excellent safety profile in clinical trials
- Cardioprotective effects
Research applications
Mitochondrial
- Enhanced ATP Production — Optimizes electron transport chain function for improved cellular energy.
- Oxidative Stress Reduction — Prevents cardiolipin peroxidation and reduces mitochondrial oxidative damage.
- Mitochondrial Disease Support — Significant improvements in 6-minute walk test and fatigue scores in PMM patients.
Cardiovascular
- Cardiac Protection — Reduces cardiac injury markers and improves mitochondrial function in surgical patients.
- Heart Failure Support — Reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and supports cardiac function.
- Exercise Tolerance — Enhanced exercise capacity and reduced fatigue.
Anti-Aging
- Age-Related Muscle Function — Reversed age-related decline in muscle function in animal studies.
- Cognitive Protection — Neuroprotective effects demonstrated in Alzheimer’s models.
- Cellular Rejuvenation — Supports overall cellular health through mitochondrial optimization.
Preguntas frecuentes sobre SS-31
Is SS-31 light sensitive and does it really need amber vials?+
Yes, SS-31 is photosensitive and requires light protection. Store reconstituted solutions in amber vials or dark containers at 2-8°C. The peptide's aromatic-cationic structure is vulnerable to photodegradation, which can compromise its mitochondrial-binding effectiveness.
How quickly does SS-31 improve exercise tolerance?+
Initial improvements in energy and fatigue appear within 1-3 days, with better exercise endurance noticed by week 1-2. Peak exercise capacity improvements typically develop over 4-8 weeks as mitochondrial ATP production optimizes.
Can SS-31 be used with NAD+ boosters and will they interact?+
Yes, SS-31 and NAD+ are synergistic because both target mitochondrial function through complementary mechanisms - SS-31 directly protects cardiolipin while NAD+ supports electron transport chain enzymes. Combining them may enhance energy production more than either alone.
What's the difference between clinical-grade SS-31 (40mg daily) and athletic performance doses?+
Athletic protocols use 10-20mg daily, while clinical trials for mitochondrial disease used 40mg daily. The higher clinical dose targets more significant mitochondrial dysfunction; athletic users typically achieve performance benefits at lower doses with less potential for excessive metabolic stimulation.
References
- [1]Randomized Dose-Escalation Trial of Elamipretide in Adults with Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (MMPOWER)Neurology
- [2]Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Peptide in Heart Failure Treatment (EMBRACE)Circulation: Heart Failure
- [3]Improving Mitochondrial Function with SS-31 Reverses Age-Related Redox Stress and Improves Exercise Tolerance in Aged MiceFree Radical Biology and Medicine
- [4]TAZPOWER: Phase 2/3 Randomized Clinical Trial of Elamipretide in Barth SyndromeGenetics in Medicine
- [5]Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical TrialJAMA Neurology
- [6]Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic PotentialInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
- [7]FDA Accelerated Approval for Barth SyndromeFDA / Drugs
- [8]Long-Term TAZPOWER Extension Results (168 Weeks)Genetics in Medicine
- [9]ReCLAIM-2 Phase II Trial in Age-Related Macular DegenerationOphthalmology Science
- [10]Elamipretide Improves Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Function During AgingGeroScience
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