GHK-Cu

Overview

GHK-Cu is the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with a copper(II) ion. It occurs naturally in human plasma, saliva, and urine, and notably declines with age — a fact that helped spark decades of interest in it as a regenerative and cosmetic agent. It is among the most thoroughly studied peptides in skin science.

Mechanism of action

GHK’s biology is closely tied to its copper-binding ability. The complex is involved in:

• Collagen and elastin synthesis — stimulating the structural proteins that give skin firmness
• Tissue remodelling — modulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors to balance breakdown and rebuilding of the extracellular matrix
• Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, partly via copper-dependent enzymes
• Wound healing and angiogenesis support

These overlapping repair mechanisms place GHK-Cu at the intersection of the cosmetic and recovery categories.

Common research uses

• Topical skincare for firmness, fine lines, and skin quality
• Wound healing and scar-remodelling research
• Hair-follicle and regenerative studies
• Antioxidant and tissue-protection investigations

GHK-Cu has a comparatively deep research and commercial track record, especially in topical cosmetic formulations.